TOPIC COLLECTION
Water treatment
A treatment proposal should trace back to a verified contaminant, concentration and target—not only taste, colour or a sales demonstration.
A practical starting point
LEARN THE SYSTEM
More guides in this topic
Which water filters do you actually need?
Choose stages from measured contaminants, treatment goals and required flow.
Plan and verify an ion-exchange water softener
Translate a hardness result and household water use into a defensible capacity, regeneration and verification plan.
Maintain a home water-treatment train as one system
Track flow, pressure, capacity, sanitation and verification across every treatment stage.
USE THE NUMBERS
Calculators in this topic
Filter-media contact time
Estimate empty-bed contact time and hydraulic surface loading for a cylindrical media vessel.
Filter service-life planner
Turn a rated treated-water capacity into a conservative replacement date estimate.
UV intensity × exposure time
Show the unit relationship between ultraviolet intensity, exposure time and nominal dose.
Water-softener regeneration and salt estimate
Relate hardness load, daily treated volume and usable exchange capacity to an estimated regeneration interval.
Filter backwash flow and water use
Check the backwash flow required by a cylindrical media vessel against the water supply available at the filter.